CI Castings

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1. Hardness is the ability of a material to withstand abrasion; carbon content determines the maximum hardness obtainable in steel, or hardenability.
2. Strength is the amount of force necessary to deform a material. Higher carbon content and hardness result in steel with higher strength.
3. Ductility is the ability of a metal to deform under tensile stress. Lower carbon content and less hardness result in steel with higher ductility.
4. Toughness refers to the ability to withstand stress. Increased ductility is usually associated with better toughness. Toughness can be adjusted with the addition of alloying metals and heat treatment.
5. Wear resistance – Cast steel exhibits similar wear resistance to that of wrought steels of similar composition. The addition of alloying elements such as molybdenum and chromium can increase the wear resistance of cast steels dramatically.
6. Corrosion resistance – Cast steel exhibits similar corrosion resistance to that of wrought steels of similar composition. Only minimal change is possible without moving towards high-alloy steels with elevated levels of chromium and nickel, however some improvements in oxidation resistance of low alloy cast steel can be achieved by alloying with small amounts of copper.
7. High-temperature properties – Steels operating at temperatures above ambient are subject to degraded mechanical properties and opportunities for early failure due to mechanisms such as oxidation, hydrogen damage, sulfite scaling, and carbide instability.
8. Low-temperature properties – the toughness of cast steel is severely reduced at low temperatures. Alloying elements can be added, and specialized heat treatments employed, to improve a casting’s ability to withstand stresses and loads at lower than ambient temperatures.
9. Machinability is the ease of a steel casting to have its shape changed by removing material through machining (cutting, grinding, drilling, etc.). Highly machinable cast steel is easy to process with a reasonable cost. Machinability is influenced by hardness, strength, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion.
10. Weldability is the ability of a steel casting to be welded without defects. Steel castings are welded to add finishing elements (dimensions or features that could not be cast), to overlay or build up parts, or to join several castings into single components. Weldability is primarily dependent on the steel casting’s chemical composition and heat treatment.

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